桥梁bridge工程用语

公路桥highway bridge
公铁两用桥highway and rail transit bridge
人行桥pedestrian bridge
跨线桥overpass bridge
高架桥viaduct
永久性桥permanent bridge
半永久性桥semi-permanent bridge
临时性桥temporary bridge
钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete bridge
预应力混凝土桥prestressed concrete bridge
钢桥steel bridge
圬工桥masonry bridge
木桥timber bridge
正交桥right bridge
斜交桥skew bridge
弯桥curved bridge
坡桥bridge on slope
斜桥skew bridge
正桥right bridge
上承式桥deck bridge
中承式桥half-through bridge
下承式桥through bridge
梁桥beam bridge
简支梁桥simple supported beam bridge
连续梁桥continuous beam bridge
悬臂梁桥comtilever beam bridge
联合梁桥composite beam bridge
板桥slab bridge
拱桥arch bridge
双曲拱桥two-way curved arch bridge
空腹拱桥open spendrel arch bridge
实腹拱桥filled spendrel arch bridge
系杆拱桥bowstring arch bridge
桁架桥truss bridge
刚构桥rigid frame bridge
T形刚构桥T-shaped rigid frame bridge
连续刚构桥continuous rigid frame bridge
斜腿刚构桥rigid frame bridge with inclined legs
斜拉桥（斜张桥）cable stayed bridge
悬索桥suspension bridge
漫水桥submersible bridge
浮桥pontoon bridge
开启桥movable bridge
装配式桥fabricated bridge
装拆式钢桥fabricated steel bridge
涵洞culvert
管涵pipe culvert
拱涵arch culvert
箱涵box culvert
盖板涵slab culvert
无压力式涵洞non-pressure culvert
压力式涵洞pressure culvert
半压力式涵洞partial pressure culvert
倒虹吸涵siphon culvert
上部结构superstructure
主梁main beam
横梁floor beam
纵梁longitudinal beam, stringer
挂梁suspended beam
拱圈arch, ring
拱上结构spandrel structure
腹拱spandrel arch
拱上侧墙spandrel wall
桥面系floor system, bridge decking
桥面铺装bridge deck pavement
伸缩缝expansion and contraction joint
桥面伸缩装置bridge floor expansion and contraction installation
安全带safety belt
桥头搭板transition slab at bridge head
下部结构substructure
桥墩pier
墩身pier body
墩帽coping
盖梁bent cap
破冰体ice apron
重力式桥墩gravity pier
实体桥墩solid pier
空心桥墩hollow pier
柱式桥墩column pier
排架桩墩pile bent pier
柔性墩flexible pier
制动墩braking pier
单向推力墩single direction thrusted pier
桥台abutment
台身abutment body
前墙front wall
翼墙wing walls
台帽coping
锥坡conical slope
耳墙wing walls
U形桥台U-shaped abutment
八字形桥台flare wing wall abutment
一字形桥台head wall abutment, straight abutment
重力式桥台gravity abutment
埋置式桥台buried abutment
锚锭板式桥台counterforted abutment
支撑式桥台supported type abutment
地基subsiol
加固地基consolidated subsoil
天然地基natural subsoil
基础foundation
扩大基础spread foundation
沉井基础open caisson foundation
管柱基础cylindrical shaft foundation
桩基础pile foundation
桩pile
预制桩precast pile
就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile
摩擦桩friction pile
支承桩bearing pile
承台bearing platform
支座bearing
固定支座fixed bearing
活动支座expansion bearing
索塔cable bent tower
索鞍cable saddle
调治构造物regulation structure
丁坝 spur dike
顺坝longitudinal dam
桥位bridge site
桥梁全长total length of bridge
主桥main bridge
引桥approach span
跨径span
桥涵计算跨径computed span
桥涵净跨径clear span
矢跨比rise span ratio
计算矢高calculated rise of arch
桥下净空clearance of span
桥面净空clearance above bridge floor
桥梁建筑高度construction height of bridge
荷载load
永久荷载permanent load
可变荷载variable load
偶然荷载accidental load
荷载组合loading combinations
车辆荷载标准loading standard for design vchicle
设计荷载design load
施工荷载construction load
设计荷载design load
施工荷载construction load
梁beam
简支梁simple-supported beam
连续梁continuous beam
悬臂梁cantilever beam
板slab
拱arch
桁架truss
刚构rigid frame
柱column
强度strength
刚度stiffness, rigidity
抗裂度crack resistance
稳定性stability
位移displacement
变形deformation
挠度deflection
预拱度camber
流域catchment basin
集水面积runoff area
径流runoff
水文测验hydrological survey
河床river bed
河槽river channel
主槽main channel
边滩side shoal
河滩rlood land
河床宽度bed width
河槽宽度channel width
过水断面discharge section
水位water level
最高（或最低）水位maximum(minimum)water level
通航水位navigable water level
设计水位design water lever
水面比降water surface slope
河床比降gradient of river bed 
湿周weffed perimeter
糙率coefficient of roughuess
水力半径hydraulic radius
水文计算hydrological computation
设计流量designed discharge
设计流速 designed flow velocity
行近流速approach velocity
洪水调查flood survey
洪水频率flood frequency
设计洪水频率designed flood frequency
潮汐河流tidal river
悬移质suspended load
推移质bed material load
水力计算hydraulic computation
水头water head
冲刷scour
桥上一般冲刷general scour under bridge
桥墩（或台）局部冲刷local scour near pier
自然演变冲刷natural scour
冲刷系数coefficient of scouring
淤积silting
壅水back water
流冰ice drift
先张法pretensioning method
后张法post-tensioning method
缆索吊装法erection by protrusion
悬臂浇筑法cast-in-place cantilever method
移动支架逐跨施工法span by span method
纵向拖拉法erection by longitudinal pulling method
顶推法incremental launching method
转体架桥法construction by swing
浮运架桥法erection by floating
顶入法jack-in method
围堰cofferdam
护筒pile casing
隧道tunnel
洞门tunnel portal
衬砌tunnel lining
明洞open cut tunnel
围岩surrounding rork
隧道建筑限界structural approach limit of tunnels
明挖法open cut method
矿山法mine tunneling methed
盾构法shield tunneling method
沉埋法（沉管法）immersed tunnel
导坑heading
隧道支撑tunnel support
构件支撑element support
喷锚支护lock bolt support with shotcrete
隧道通风tunnel ventilation
隧道照明tunnel lighting
养护maintenance
定期养护periodical maintenance
巡回养护patrol maintenance
大中修周期maintenance period
小修保养routine maintenance
中修intermediate maintenance
大修heavy maintenance
改善工程road inprovement
抢修emergency repair of road
加固strengthening of structure
回砂sand sweeping
罩面overlay of pavement
路面翻修pavement recapping
路向补强pavement strengthening
车辙rutting
路面搓板surface corrugation
路面网裂net-shaped cracking
路面龟裂alligator cracking
路面碎裂pavement spalling
反射裂缝reflection crack
路面坑槽pot holes
路面冻胀surface frost heave
路面沉陷pavement depression
路面滑溜surface slipperiness
露骨surface angularity
啃边edge failure
泛油bleeding
拥包upheaval 
拱胀blow up
错台faulting of slab ends
错位slab staggering
滑坡slide
坍方land slide
崩塌collapse
碎落debris avalanche
沉降settlement
沉陷subsidence
泥石流mud avalanche